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The mean EQ-5D social tariff score for caregivers was 0.49 and their mean score on the EQ-5D visual analogue scale was 69. The mean EQ-5D social tariff score for patients was 0.16, and the mean score of the EQ-5D visual analogue scale was 54. Direct healthcare costs were € 10,882 (representing around 32.3% of the total cost) and the direct non-healthcare costs were € 22,839 (67.7% of the total cost). Based on the reference unitary prices for 2014, the average annual costs per patient were € 33,721. A total of 81 caregivers of patients with different subtypes of SMA completed the questionnaire. The main caregivers also answered a questionnaire on their characteristics and on their HRQOL.

Costs were estimated from a societal perspective (including healthcare costs and non-healthcare costs), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire.

The patient's caregivers completed an anonymous questionnaire regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, use of healthcare services and non-healthcare services. We adopted a bottom up, prevalence approach design to study patients with SMA. This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study of patients diagnosed with SMA in Spain. The aim of this study was to determine the economic burden and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy ( SMA) and their caregivers in Spain. López-Bastida, Julio Peña-Longobardo, Luz María Aranda-Reneo, Isaac Tizzano, Eduardo Sefton, Mark Oliva-Moreno, Juan Social/economic costs and health-related quality of life in patients with spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA) in Spain. The language SMA is more significantly connected to Broca's area than is the motor subdivision of the SMA proper. For all subjects, the language SMA pathway had a larger number of voxels (PProbabilistic tractography can identify unique white matter tracts that connect language SMA and motor SMA to Broca's area. fMRI and probabilistic tractography identified separate and unique pathways connecting the SMA to Broca's area - the language SMA pathway and the motor SMA pathway. Peaks of functional activity in the language SMA, motor SMA and Broca's area were used to define seed regions for probabilistic tractography. Twenty brain tumor patients completed motor and language fMRI paradigms and DTI. Using fMRI and probabilistic DTI techniques, we assessed the connectivity between the frontal language area (Broca's area) and the rostral pre- SMA (language SMA) and caudal SMA proper (motor SMA). Jenabi, Mehrnaz Peck, Kyung K Young, Robert J Brennan, Nicole Holodny, Andrei IĪccurate localization of anatomically and functionally separate SMA tracts is important to improve planning prior to neurosurgery. Probabilistic fiber tracking of the language and motor white matter pathways of the supplementary motor area ( SMA) in patients with brain tumors.